Poto
He tohu maha ngā momo o te rere, e tohu ana i te herekoretanga, te mawhiti, te wawata me te kaha ki te neke i waenga i ngā taumata wheako rerekē. I runga i te horopaki, ka taea e ia te tohu i te herekoretanga me te nekehanga whakamua, te pūkenga hangarau me te ahunga whakamua, te whakapehapeha me te ngaronga o te mana whakahaere. He rerekē ngā hononga o ngā manu, ngā āhua parirau, ngā waka rererangi me ngā mahi rere tūturu, moemoeā rānei. Ko te pānui i te rere hei tohu me aro ki te kaiwhakaari, te ahunga, me te āhua o te rere: ko te pikinga, te rere, te rere ngāwari, te hinganga rānei ka whakarerekē katoa i te tikanga.
He aha te tohu o te rere?
I tōna tino kaupapa, ko te rere he tohu mō te nekehanga ki tua atu i ngā rohe noa. Kei roto i tēnei ko te nekehanga tinana (te wehenga atu i te whenua), te pikinga hinengaro (te whiwhi tirohanga whānui), me te nekenekehanga pāpori (te mawhiti atu i ngā here). Nā te mea he maha ngā wā e hono ana te rangi ki te whānui, ki te mea ngaro me te atua, he tohu te rere mō te urunga atu ki ngā ao teitei ake—hinengaro, wairua, kare ā-roto rānei.
He kupu whakarite anō hoki te rerenga mō te wawata me te hihiri. Ko te tikanga o te "rere" ko te tīmata i tētahi kaupapa hou, te whai i tētahi moemoeā, te wehe atu rānei i ngā āhuatanga here. I tētahi atu taha, ko te tikanga o te rerenga ko te rere—te mawhiti atu i te tūpono, i te kawenga rānei—nō reira, ko te āhua kotahi ka tohu i te whakaoranga maia me te karo.
Ngā Tikanga Pai me ngā Tikanga Kino o te Rere
Ko ngā tikanga pai o te rerenga ko te herekore, te auahatanga, te tuku, te pūkenga me te whānui. He maha ngā wā ka tohu te rere i te kaha ki te ara ake i ngā raruraru, ki te tiro i ngā āhuatanga mai i tētahi tirohanga whānui, me te tūhura i ngā mea hou. I roto i ngā horopaki hangarau, ahumahi rānei, ko te rerenga te tohu o te whakatutukitanga a te tangata—te hangarau, te kitenga me te ahunga whakamua.
Ka puta ake ngā āhuatanga kino ina tohu te rere i te mawhiti i te mahi, te kore pumau, te hiahia wairangi rānei. Ko ngā whakatūpato tawhito mō te "rere tata rawa ki te rā" e hopu ana i te tūponotanga o te toro atu. Ka taea hoki e te rere te tohu i te momotu: ko te tangata e "rere" ana i roto i te kupu whakarite, i te tikanga rānei, ka whakarērea pea ngā whanaungatanga, ngā kawenga rānei, e kī ana he karo, kaua ko te tipu hauora.
Hītori me ngā Pūtake o te Tohu Rere
Ko ngā whakamahinga tohu o te rere i ahu mai i ngā nganatanga o te tangata o mua ki te whakamārama me te whakaaro i te nekehanga i te rangi. Nā te mātakitaki i ngā manu i whakaaweawe ngā whakaaro mō te herekoretanga me te āheinga ki te whiti i ngā rohe whenua. I te whanaketanga o ngā ahurea, ko ngā pūrākau mō te rere o te tangata—i tutukihia, i nganahia rānei—i noho hei huarahi hei whakamātautau i te rohe i waenga i te wawata o te tangata me te ture taiao.
I te tīmatanga o te rere hangarau i te rautau 18–20, i tāpirihia e ngā waka rererangi me ngā poihau he paparanga ki te tohu: te ao hou, te mana o te motu, me te rangatira o te taiao. Nā ēnei whanaketanga i whakawhānui ake ngā tikanga o te rere ki te whakauru i te hihiri mō te auahatanga o te tangata me ngā manukanuka mō te tere, te pakanga me te momotu i a ia anō mai i te whenua.
Te Tohu Rere i roto i ngā Ahurea Rerekē
He rerekē ngā ahurea e whakanui ana i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te rere. I roto i ngā tikanga tuku iho maha, e hono ana ngā manu me ā rātou rere ki ngā tohu, ki ngā tuakiri iwi, ki ngā karere rānei i waenga i ngā ao; ko te momo manu motuhake te mea e hanga ana i te whakamaoritanga. I roto i ngā tikanga tuku iho o te Hauāuru, ko ngā pūrākau pērā i te kōrero Kariki mō Daedalus rāua ko Icarus e whakaari ana i te taupatupatu i waenga i te auahatanga me te whakapehapeha.
I roto i ngā mahi toi me ngā tuhinga o Āhia ki te Rawhiti, ko ngā manu e rere ana—pērā i ngā kareni—he tohu i te roa o te ora, te pai, te mana nui rānei. E whakamahia ana e ngā tikanga rotarota Ihirama me Pāhia te ahua o te rerenga o te wairua hei whakaahua i te pikinga ngaro. I roto i te ahurea o te ao hou, ka whakamahia ngā ahua o te rere hei pānuitanga me te waitohu-motu, ko ngā waka rererangi me ngā āhua e rere ana e tohu ana i te wawata, te tere me te horapa o te ao.
Te Tikanga Wairua o te Rere
I te taha wairua, ko te rere te tohu o te ao whānui, te pikinga o te wairua, te whakaoranga rānei i ngā here o te ao. E whakamahi ana ngā tuhinga pūrākau puta noa i ngā tikanga tuku iho i te rere hei whakaahua i ngā wāhanga o te ahunga whakamua wairua—te neke a te tangata whakapono, te tangata pūrākau rānei i te tirohanga noa ki te kotahitanga, ki te māramatanga rānei.
I taua wā anō, he rerekē ngā kōrero wairua: ko te rere he whakaoranga ā-roto e tutukihia ana mā te mahi, he tere mōrearea, he tere e akiakihia ana e te whakapehapeha ki ngā wheako e karo ana i te tūāpapa matatika. Ko te horopaki—ahakoa te tuhinga, te mahi rānei e whakaatu ana i te rere he pikinga whakahaere, he rere koretake rānei—ka hanga i te karere wairua.
Te Rere i roto i ngā Pūrākau me ngā Kōrero Tuku Iho
Ko te rere te kaupapa matua o ngā pūrākau maha. Ko te pūrākau Kariki mō Daedalus rāua ko Icarus he tauira tauira: ko te rere a Icarus e tohu ana i te hihiko o te taitamarikitanga me ngā hua o te kore aro ki ngā here. Ko te rere a ngā anahera i roto i ngā tikanga a Āperahama e tohu ana i te mana atua me ngā tūranga karere, e tohu ana i te mea hanga hei takawaenga i waenga i te rangi me te whenua.
He maha ngā kōrero tuku iho e whakamahi ana i ngā rerenga—o ngā manu, o ngā wairua, o ngā tāngata makutu rānei—hei tohu i te hurihanga, te mawhiti, te whiti rānei i ngā rohe. Ko ngā tikanga o te rerenga i roto i ēnei kōrero (me pēhea te whakatutuki, ahakoa he āwhina makutu, he mahi toi rānei) e whakatau ana mēnā he kaupapa matatika, he kaupapa tipua, he kaupapa hinengaro rānei te kaupapa.
Rere i roto i ngā Moemoeā
Ko ngā moemoeā rere kei roto i ngā moemoeā e tino pūrongohia ana. Ka taea te kite i ēnei moemoeā he mea whakahihiri—he rere noa i runga ake i ngā whenua—he mea manukanuka rānei, e uaua ana te moemoeā ki te noho ki runga, ki te mataku rānei kei hinga. E whakaarohia ana e ngā whakamaoritanga hinengaro ngā moemoeā rere hei whakaaturanga o te mana motuhake, te hiahia ki te mawhiti, te whakamana, ngā take whakahaere rānei.
I roto i ngā mahi tūturu, e kī ana ngā kaitātari moemoeā ko ngā kare ā-roto o te moemoeā me te kounga o te rerenga he mea nui ki te whakamaoritanga: ko te rere mārire, ngāwari hoki e hangai ana ki ngā kare ā-roto o te pūkenga me te herekore, ko te mataku, ko te ngaronga rānei o te mana whakahaere e tohu ana i te manukanuka, i te ngoikore rānei o te wairua mana motuhake.
Ngā horopaki moemoeā noa e pā ana ki te rere
Ko ngā āhuatanga noa ko: te rere tere me te kore mahi (he maha ngā wā e pā ana ki te whakaoranga, ki te auahatanga rānei); te rere uaua, te taumaha rānei (he tohu mō ngā arai ki ngā whāinga); te hinga i muri i te rere (he wehi kei rahua, kei nui rawa rānei te toro atu); me te kore e taea te rere atu (ngā kare ā-roto o te noho pūmau).
Ko tētahi atu kaupapa e kitea whānuitia ana ko te rere tahi me ētahi atu—tērā pea he tohu tēnei mō ngā whāinga tahi, te tautoko pāpori, te āhua rānei kua wehea, te noho mokemoke. Ko ngā moemoeā e ārahihia ana te rere e ngā mea (ngā parirau, ngā mīhini) he tohu pinepine ki te whakawhirinaki ki ngā taputapu, ki ngā whanaungatanga, ki ngā whakapono rānei hei whakatutuki i te herekoretanga.
Te Rere i roto i te Toi me te Tuhinga
Kua roa te noho a te rerenga i roto i ngā toi me ngā tuhinga hei kaupapa tūturu, hei kupu whakarite hoki. Kei roto i te pukapuka a Ovid, Metamorphoses, te pūrākau Kariki mō Icarus, ā, i whakaaweawe i te peita a Pieter Bruegel the Elder, "Landscape with the Fall of Icarus," te ingoa o te hinganga o Icarus, he tohu whakamīharo ki te oranga noa i mua. He whakatūpato te pūrākau mō te whakapehapeha me te tirohanga whānui.
I roto i ngā tuhinga, ka whakamahia e te pukapuka a JM Barrie, a Peter Pan, te rere hei tohu i te taitamarikitanga mutunga kore me te herekoretanga whakaaro. E whakaatu ana te pukapuka nā Richard Bach, "Jonathan Livingston Seagull", i te rere hei kaupapa wairua, tikanga matatika hoki: ka noho te pūkenga o te kāhu hei kupu whakarite mō te tino pai me te takitahi. E whakaatu ana te rotarota a Percy Bysshe Shelley, "Ki te Manu Kōwhai" i te rere o te manu kōwhai hei tohu mō te whakaaweawe rotarota me te mana nui.
Ko ētahi tauira kiriata ko "Wings of Desire" a Wim Wenders, e whakaatu ana i ngā kaupapa o te aroha me te hiahia tangata ki te rere a ngā anahera, me ngā kiriata maha e whakamahi ana i ngā raupapa rererangi hei whakaatu i te whakaoranga, te tūpono, te rangatira rānei. Ka whakamahia hoki e ngā kaitoi tirohanga o nāianei ngā tirohanga rererangi me ngā tauira manu hei tūhura i te tauine, te mokemoke me ngā kaupapa taiao.
Te Tikanga o te Tā moko rere
Ko ngā moko e tohu ana i te rere—ngā parirau, ngā manu e neke ana, ngā waka rererangi—he maha ngā wā e whakaatu ana i ngā kaupapa whaiaro o te herekoretanga, te oranga, te wawata wairua, te mahara rānei ki te haere. Tērā pea he parirau kotahi hei tohu mō te tiakitanga, mō te hoa kua ngaro rānei, ko te kahui manu ia e tohu ana i te hapori, te hekenga, te manawanui tahi rānei. He maha ngā wā e tohu ana ngā moko waka rererangi i te hiahia ki te haereere, i ngā haerenga nui rānei.
Ko ngā kōwhiringa hoahoa—he tūturu, he ātaahua rānei, he iti, he whānui rānei—ka whakarerekē i te āhua. Ki te tini o te tangata, ko te moko kaupapa rere he kōrero whaiaro mō tētahi whakawhiti: te wehenga atu i tētahi wā uaua, te whakahonore i te mana motuhake, te whakamaumahara rānei i tētahi huringa o te ao.
Ngā Tikanga o Ngā Momo, Ngā Tae, Ngā Rerekētanga rānei o te Rere
Ka nekehia te tohu e ngā momo rere me ngā ahunga rerekē. Ko te rere manu e whakanui ana i te herekoretanga me te wairua; ko ngā āhua anahera, ngā āhua tangata whai parirau rānei e whakataki ana i te tūranga tapu, i te tūranga takawaenga rānei; ko te rere mīhini (ngā waka rererangi, ngā rōkete) e whakaatu ana i te auahatanga o te tangata, i ngā wawata ā-motu rānei. Ko te rere piki e tohu ana i te tipu; ko te rere rere e tohu ana i te okiokinga, i te whakaaroaro rānei; ko te hinga e tohu ana i te hinganga, i te ngaronga rānei.
Ka taea hoki e te tae te whai wāhi. Ko te rangi kanapa, mahana me te mārama koura e kiia ana he tumanako, he mea nui rānei; ko ngā āhuarangi pōuri, pūkeri e anga atu ana ki te tūpono, te kore e taea te matapae, te matapae rānei. Ko te manu takitahi i te rangi whānui e whakanui ana i te noho mokemoke, i te motuhake rānei, ko ngā kahui manu ia e tohu ana i te hekenga, te haumaru o te maha, te nekehanga pāpori rānei.
Ngā Pātai Auau mō te Rererangi
Q: He tikanga herekore tonu te rerenga?
A: Kāore i te wā katoa. Ahakoa he tohu te rerenga i te herekoretanga, he mea nui te horopaki—ko te rerenga anō hoki he tohu mō te mawhiti, te karo, te hiahia nui rānei.
P: He pai tonu ngā moemoeā rere?
A: Kāo. Ko te reo kare ā-roto me te mana whakahaere e pā ana ki te moemoeā e whakatau ana mēnā he whakamana, he manukanuka rānei te moemoeā.
P: He aha te rerekētanga o te tikanga o te momo pepa panui?
Āe. E whakanui ana ngā manu i te herekoretanga o te taiao, e tohu ana ngā tāngata whai parirau i ngā kaupapa wairua, ā, e tohu ana ngā mīhini i te hangarau me te ahunga whakamua pāpori; he rerekē te whakatakoto a ia tangata i te karere tohu.
Ngā Tohu e Pā Ana
Ko ngā tohu e pā tata ana ki te rere ko ngā parirau, ngā manu (ngā momo motuhake pēnei i te ēkara, te kukupa rānei), te rangi, te hau, ngā arawhata, ngā arawhata rānei (te nekehanga poutū), me te rā (hei wāhi e haere atu ai, hei tūponotanga rānei i roto i ētahi pūrākau). He maha ngā wā ka puta ngātahi ēnei whakaahua e pā ana, ā, ka whakapai ake i te tikanga whānui o te rere i roto i tētahi horopaki.
