Pfupi
Waini chiratidzo chetsika chinowanzo miririra kupemberera, kushanduka uye kubatana kwevanhu ukuwo ichitakurawo hukama nekuwandisa, kurasikirwa uye kusanzwisisika kwetsika. Munhoroondo yese yave ichishandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu etsika, madimikira ehunyanzvi uye kugamuchira vaenzi kwezuva nezuva; hunhu hwayo hwemuviri - ruvara, zera, kutapira - hunosvika pakureva kwezviratidzo zvakaita sesimba, kuchena kana kuora. Nekuti waini pachayo inochinja nekufamba kwenguva, inowanzo verengwa sechiratidzo chekukura, kurangarira uye kupfuura kwemakore. Mamiriro ezvinhu akakosha: girazi rimwe chete rewaini rinogona kuratidza chirairo kana kuora zvichienderana nenzvimbo.
Waini Inomiririrei?
Komisheni ndeimwe yemabasa akajeka ekufananidzira waini: inomiririra hupenyu hwekugovana, hukama hwepedyo uye zvisungo zvinogadzirwa nekunwa pamwe chete. Mumisangano yechitendero neyenyika, waini inoratidza nguva apo vanhu vanobatana, kungave pasakaramende, chingwa chemuchato kana kudya kwemhuri.
Kuchinja Ndiyo imwe dingindira guru. Mazambiringa anova chinwiwa chakaviriswa; muchero uri nyore unova waini yekare, yakaoma. Kushanduka kwemakemikari nenguva kunokoka kuverenga kwekufananidzira nezvekuchinja, kukwegura, kunatswa uye alchemy yezviitiko zvevanhu.
kusanzwisisika inonamatirawo kuwaini: inogona kuva chiratidzo chekuwanda nemufaro kana chekuderera kwetsika. Nekuti doro rinochinja maonero, waini inowanzoonekwa mumutauro wekufananidzira pamusoro pekurasikirwa nekuzvidzora, muedzo uye mutsetse mutete pakati pemufaro nekukuvara.
Zvinoreva Waini Zvakanaka Nezvakaipa
Kushamwaridzana kwakanaka: Waini inowanzo miririra kupemberera, kugamuchira vaenzi uye hunyanzvi. Inomiririra tsika dzinofadza (zvingwa zvinopiswa, michato), kugovana zvitsvene (chidyo chechitendero), uye kuravira kwakakudziridzwa - kukoshesa hunyoro hunouya nemazambiringa, nzvimbo yekudyira uye kugadzirwa kwakanyatsonaka.
Zvinoreva zvakaipa: Waini inogona kuratidza kunwa doro zvakanyanya, kupindwa muropa uye kuora kwemagariro evanhu. Mumabhuku nehurukuro dzetsika, inowanzo ratidza njodzi dzekudarika mwero: kusafunga zvakanaka, kutadza kana maitiro anoparadza anotevera kudhakwa kakawanda.
Nhoroondo uye Mavambo eSymbolism yeWaini
Antiquity Yakavamba kushandiswa kwakawanda kwezviratidzo zvewaini. Munyika dzekare dzeMediterranean neNear East waini yaionekwa mumitambo, mumabiko uye mumabhuku evamwari nemadzimambo; kushandiswa ikoko kwekutanga kwakagadzira hwaro hwezvinoreva zvechitendero nemagariro evanhu gare gare.
Tsika dzechitendero Zvakaita kuti pave nechiratidzo chakafanana. Semuenzaniso, muchiKristu, waini yakatora kukosha kwesakaramende sechikamu cheChidyo cheEucharist, uko inomiririra ropa raKristu muchitendero chakasimbiswa - basa rakashandura chinwiwa chakajairika kuita chiratidzo chikuru chechitendero. Kushandiswa ikoko kutsvene kwakapesvedzera kuti vaimbi, vanyori nenharaunda vaibata sei waini sechiratidzo chine simba chechibayiro nenyasha.
Kufananidzira mutsika dzakasiyana dzewaini
Mediterranean tsika Kubvira kare vakabatanidza waini nekubereka, kupemberera uye huMwari. Mitambo yechiGiriki neRoma nezvitendero zvakatenderedza mwari wewaini zvaisimbisa kufara, kubatana kwevanhu pamwe chete uye kukanganiswa kwezvirambidzo zvemagariro evanhu munguva yetsika.
Tsika dzeEurope Yakagadzira mamwe mativi: munharaunda zhinji dzeEurope waini yakava chiratidzo chekuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo uye kirasi yemagariro, ine chinzvimbo chekare uye chemunda wemizambiringa. Mutsika dzaive dzakajairika doro kana zvinwiwa zvinodhaka, waini yaiwanzo chengetedza hukama hwakakosha nemhemberero uye kudya kwakanatswa.
Mamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose zvinoita kuti mufananidzo wacho uve wakaoma: munzvimbo dzisina nhoroondo yakasimba yekugadzira waini, waini inotengeswa kunze kwenyika inogona kureva kutengeserana kwekunze kwenyika, humbowo hwepamusoro kana hukama hwekutengeserana kwevatorwa, nepo zvinwiwa zvakaviriswa zvemuno zvichitora mabasa akafanana mutsika dzavo.
Zvinoreva Waini Pamweya
sakaramendi ndiyo inoreva zvinhu zvemweya zvakanyanya mumapazi mazhinji echiKristu, uko waini inoshanda sechinhu chekurangarira tsika uye kuvapo kwaMwari. Kushandiswa ikoko kwemweya kunoratidza waini sechipo chemuviri uye chiratidzo chekubatana kwemweya.
Zvikumbaridzo Imwe dingindira remweya: nekuti waini inochinja pfungwa, tsika dzakasiyana-siyana dzakaibatanidza nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka, kunamata kunofadza kana kunzwisisa kweuprofita. Mumamiriro ezvinhu iwayo waini inoshanda sechishandiso chinobatsira kuratidza kuchinja pakati pehupenyu hwemazuva ose neruzivo rwakawedzerwa rwechitendero.
Waini muNgano neNgano
Ngano yaDionysian ndiyo ngano yekare yekufananidzira waini mutsika dzekuMadokero. Mwari wechiGiriki Dionysus (Bacchus mungano dzechiRoma) anomiririra zvese zvinopa hupenyu uye zvisingadzoreki zvewaini: iye mufananidzo wekubereka, mutambo uye kusunungurwa kunofadza, asi ngano dzake dzinonyeverawo nezvekupenga uye kuyambuka miganhu zvinogona kutungamira mukusagadzikana.
Ngano dzevanhu nezvewaini zvinowanzo simbisa zvidzidzo zvetsika: nyaya dzekugamuchira vaeni zvakanaka, kana mabiko anoguma nekuparadzwa kana zvakawandisa zvikabvumidzwa. Ngano idzodzo dzinosimbisa tsika dzetsika pamusoro pekuva nemwero, rupo uye mitemo yemagariro evanhu inotenderedza kunwa doro pamwe chete.
Waini Muzviroto
Emotion ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa pakuverenga waini muzviroto: kurota waini kunowanzo ratidza manzwiro pamusoro pemafaro, kupemberera kana chishuwo chakadzvinyirirwa. Nekuti waini inobatanidzwa nepfungwa, inogona kuratidza chishuwo chemunhu anorota cheruzivo rwemanzwiro kana hukama nevamwe.
Kuchinja kwemukati imwe dudziro inowanzo taurwa: kuviriswa kwewaini nekukwegura kwayo zvinoratidza shanduko yemukati, saka kurota uchigadzira kana kuravira waini kunogona kuratidza kukura, kukura kana kudzokorora ndangariro dzekare.
Zviroto Zvakajairika zveWaini
- Kunwa waini neshamwari kana mhuri — kunzwa semunhu aripo kana kuti kupemberera kwaitarisirwa.
- Kudurura waini pazvipfeko kana patafura — kunetseka nezvekurasikirwa nemukana, kurasikirwa kana kunyadziswa pasocial media.
- Kuravira waini yakaora kana kuti inovava — kuora mwoyo, kutengeswa kana kuchinja hukama.
- Kuvhura bhodhoro rekare kana pasi pevhu — kutarisana nendangariro, nhaka kana kufamba kwenguva.
- Kuramba waini pamusangano — kuzvidzora, kunwa doro kana kuda kurega kumanikidzwa neboka.
Muzvitendero Zvine Mashura uye Mashura eWaini
Dururira sechiratidzo inoonekwa muzvitendero zvakawanda zvisina kurongwa: kudurura waini netsaona panguva yemhemberero kunowanzoverengwa sechiratidzo chedambudziko riri kuuya kana mukana unorasika. Nekuti waini ine mvura uye ine ruvara rutsvuku, kuduruka kwayo kunokwezva kutariswa kwekufananidzira.
Girazi rakaputswa Pachiitiko chine chekuita newaini zvinowanzoonekwa sekusaita rombo rakanaka kana chiratidzo chekunyevera mutsika dzevanhu, nepo tsika dzekugocha uye kudurura nokungwarira zvinoonekwa sezvinhu zvidiki zvinodzivirira njodzi.
MuUnyanzvi neMabhuku: Waini
Pendi yechitendero inopa mimwe mienzaniso yakajeka: Chidyo chekupedzisira chaLeonardo da Vinci (c. 1495–1498) chinotarisa chingwa newaini sezvinhu zveChidyo cheEucharist, chichishandisa chikafu ichi kumiririra chibayiro nekutenda kweveruzhinji. Chidyo cheCaravaggio paEmaus (1601) chinoshandisawo chikafu chakagovaniswa nekapu yewaini kusimbisa zvakazarurwa nekuziva.
Genre painting kazhinji vanoona waini sehupenyu hwezuva nezuva kana chidzidzo chetsika. Bhuku raDiego Velázquez rinonzi The Triumph of Bacchus (Los Borrachos, c. 1628–1629) rinobatanidza mufananidzo waBacchus wekunamata nevanhuwo zvavo vanofara, richiongorora kusiyana kwevanhu kuburikidza nekuvapo kwewaini.
Mabhuku nemafirimu emazuva ano shandisawo waini nemaune: mubhuku raF. Scott Fitzgerald rinonzi The Great Gatsby, doro — kusanganisira waini pamapati — rinoratidza kupfuma kwenguva iyoyo uye kusanzwisisika kwetsika; mubhuku raErnest Hemingway rinonzi The Sun Also Rises, zviitiko zvekunwa doro zvinobatsira kutsanangura simba rakapera rechizvarwa chemushure mehondo. Firimu rinonzi Sideways (2004) rinotaura nezvetsika dzewaini, vachishandisa kuravira, mhemberero dzekare uye kuda munhu wega kuti vaongorore ushamwari, kuzvidemba uye kuzviziva.
Zvinoreva Tattoo yeWaini
Ndangariro yemunhu ndicho chikonzero chinowanzo shandiswa nevanhu kusarudza mifananidzo yewaini yematattoo: bhodhoro, girazi kana mazambiringa zvinogona kurangarira kudya pamwe chete, chiitiko chakakosha chehupenyu kana kubatana nenzvimbo nemhuri. Matattoo akadaro anowanzo shanda sezviratidzo zvekuzivikanwa - rudo rwetsika dzewaini kana basa muindasitiri yewaini.
Ambivalence inoonekwa mune mamwe magadzirirwo: girazi rakatsemuka kana tattoo yewaini yakadururwa inogona kuratidza kurasikirwa, mhiko dzakaputswa kana zvidzidzo zvinodzidzwa kubva mukunyanyisa. Kusiyana neizvi, girazi rewaini kana boka remazambiringa rinogona kupemberera mafaro, hunyanzvi uye kugarisana zvakanaka.
Zvinoreva Mhando Dzakasiyana, Mavara, kana Kusiyana kweWaini
Waini tsvuku Kazhinji chiratidzo cheropa, chido, simba uye kuzvipira; ruvara rwayo nemuviri wayo zvinoita kuti ive chiratidzo chemanzwiro akasimba kana simba. Ruvara rutsvuku rwekare runogonawo kuratidza kukura uye kudzika.
Chena nerosé Kazhinji zvine hukama hwakareruka: kujeka, hudiki, hutsva kana zororo rerudo. Waini dzinopenya nechampagne zvinoratidza kupemberera, zviitiko zvinokosha uye mutambo wakakwirira nekuda kwekubatana kwazvo nechingwa chinopiswa nemitambo.
Waini yekare kana kuti yakaora Zvinoreva nguva, ndangariro nemigumisiro yekuora. Bhodhoro rekare rinomiririra kunatswa nemwoyo murefu; waini inovava kana isinganwi inoratidza kuora mwoyo, kutengeswa kana kurasikirwa nechipikirwa.
Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa
Q: Waini chiratidzo chakanaka nguva dzose here?
A: Kwete. Waini inowanzo ratidza kupemberera nekudya chirairo asi kazhinji inomiririra njodzi yakawandisa, yetsika kana kurasikirwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu uye mashandisirwo enyaya.
Q: Sei waini yakabatana netsika dzechitendero?
A: Kushandiswa kwayo mukudya kwevanhu vose uye kugara kwayo kwenguva refu sechinwiwa chakachengetwa, chakagovaniswa zvakaita kuti waini ive chinhu chechisikigo chetsika; muchiKristu yakava sakaramende muEucharist, uko inomiririra waini yakatsaurirwa sechiratidzo chemweya.
Q: Waini yakadururwa inorevei nenzira yekufananidzira?
A: Waini yakadururwa inowanzo ratidza kurasika, kurasikirwa kana kunyara munharaunda uye inowanzo onekwa nevanhu sechiratidzo chisina kunaka.
Q: Ko mavara akasiyana ewaini ane zvazvinoreva here?
A: Hazvina kugadzika pasi rose, asi pane maitiro etsika: tsvuku inowanzo mirira chido kana ropa, chena ichimiririra kureruka kana kuchena, rosé ichimiririra hudiki uye waini inopenya ichimiririra kupemberera.
Zviratidzo Zvakafanana
- Chingwa — chakabatana nekudya kweveruzhinji neEucharist
- Mazambiringa — tsime rewaini yekurima uye chiratidzo chekubereka kana kukohwa
- Kapusi — mudziyo unosimbisa tsika netsika dzechikafu
- Dionysus/Bacchus — mwari wengano anomiririra simba rewaini rinofadzwa uye risingawirirane
- Munda wemizambiringa — chiratidzo chenzvimbo yenzvimbo, basa uye kuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo