kafushane
Indiza iyisimboli esiguquguqukayo esivame ukumelela inkululeko, ukuphunyuka, isifiso kanye nekhono lokuhamba phakathi kwamazinga ahlukene okuhlangenwe nakho. Kuye ngomongo kungabonisa inkululeko kanye nokwedlula, ubuchwepheshe kanye nenqubekela phambili, noma ukukhungatheka kanye nokulahlekelwa ukulawula. Izinyoni, izithombe ezinamaphiko, izindiza kanye nezenzo ezingokoqobo noma eziphuphile zokundiza ngayinye iletha ukuhlobana okuhlukile. Ukufunda ukundiza ngokomfanekiso kudinga ukunakwa kumlingisi, isiqondiso, kanye nendlela yokundiza: ukuphakama, ukuzulazula, ukushelela kalula, noma ukuwa konke kushintsha incazelo.
Kufanekiselani Ukundiza?
Ngokuyisisekelo, ukubaleka kufanekisela ukunyakaza okungaphezu kwemingcele evamile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukudlula okungokomzimba (ukushiya phansi), ukuphakama kwengqondo (ukuthola umbono), kanye nokuhamba komphakathi (ukubalekela imingcele). Ngenxa yokuthi isibhakabhaka sivame ukuhlotshaniswa nobukhulu, okungaziwa kanye nokwaphezulu, ukubaleka kuhambisana nokufinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme - ngokwengqondo, ngokomoya noma ngokomzwelo.
Ukundiza kusebenza futhi njengesifaniso sokufisa kanye nesifiso. “Ukundiza” kungasho ukuqala iphrojekthi entsha, ukuphishekela iphupho, noma ukugqashula ezimweni ezivimbelayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukubaleka kungasho ukubaleka—ukubalekela ingozi noma umthwalo wemfanelo—ngakho isithombe esifanayo singasho kokubili inkululeko yesibindi kanye nokugwema.
Izincazelo Ezinhle Nezimbi Zendiza
Izincazelo ezinhle zokundiza zifaka phakathi inkululeko, ubuciko, ukukhulula, ubuhlakani kanye nokwanda. Ukundiza kuvame ukumelela ikhono lokukhuphuka ngaphezu kwezinkinga, ukubuka izimo ngombono obanzi, nokuhlola amathuba amasha. Ezimweni zobuchwepheshe noma zezimboni, ukundiza kufanekisela impumelelo yomuntu—ubunjiniyela, ukutholakala kanye nentuthuko.
Izimo ezimbi zivela lapho ukubaleka kusho ukubalekela umsebenzi, ukungazinzi, noma isifiso sokuzidela. Izixwayiso zakudala mayelana “nokundiza eduze kakhulu nelanga” zibonisa ingozi yokufinyelela kude. Ukubaleka kungabonisa futhi ukunqamuka: umuntu “ondiza” ngokomfanekiso noma ngokoqobo angase alahle ubudlelwano noma imithwalo yemfanelo, okuphakamisa ukugwema kunokukhula okunempilo.
Umlando kanye Nemvelaphi Yezimpawu Zokuhamba Ngendiza
Ukusetshenziswa okungokomfanekiso komzila wokundiza emizamweni yokuqala yabantu yokuchaza nokucabanga ngokunyakaza emoyeni. Ukubuka izinyoni kwaphefumulela imibono mayelana nenkululeko kanye nokwenzeka kokudlula imingcele yomhlaba. Njengoba amasiko athuthuka, izinganekwane mayelana nokundiza kwabantu—ezigcwalisekile noma ezizanyiwe—zaba yindlela yokuhlola umngcele phakathi kwezifiso zabantu kanye nomthetho wemvelo.
Njengoba izindiza zobuchwepheshe ziqala ngekhulu le-18 kuya kwelama-20, izindiza namabhaluni kwanezela izendlalelo kuphawu: isimanje, amandla esizwe, kanye nobuciko bemvelo. Lezi zintuthuko zandisa izincazelo zezindiza ukuze zihlanganise kokubili ithemba ngobuhlakani bomuntu kanye nokukhathazeka ngesivinini, impi kanye nokuhlukaniswa nomhlaba.
Izimpawu Zokundiza Emasikweni Ahlukene
Amasiko ahlukene agcizelela izici ezahlukahlukene zokundiza. Emasikweni amaningi omdabu, izinyoni kanye nokundiza kwazo kuhlotshaniswa nezibonakaliso, ubunikazi bemindeni, noma izithunywa phakathi kwamazwe; izinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni zakha incazelo. Emasikweni asendulo aseNtshonalanga, izinganekwane ezifana nendaba yamaGreki kaDaedalus no-Icarus zidlala indima yokungezwani phakathi kokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokuzikhukhumeza.
Ezincwadini nasebucikoni baseMpumalanga Asia, izinyoni ezindizayo—njengezinkara—zivame ukufanekisela ubude besikhathi eside, ubuhle noma ukudlulela phambili. Amasiko obunkondlo bamaSulumane namaPheresiya asebenzisa umfanekiso wokundiza komphefumulo ukuchaza ukunyuka okungaqondakali. Emasikweni omhlaba wanamuhla, izithombe zokundiza zisetshenziselwa ukukhangisa kanye nokwakha uphawu lwesizwe, lapho izindiza kanye nezibalo eziphakeme zibonisa isifiso, isivinini kanye nokufinyelela kwamanye amazwe.
Incazelo Engokomoya Yokundiza
Ngokomoya, ukubaleka ngokuvamile kumelela ukudlula, ukukhuphuka komphefumulo, noma ukukhululwa ekunamatheleni kwasemhlabeni. Izincwadi eziyimfihlakalo kuzo zonke izinkolelo zisebenzisa ukubaleka ukuchaza izigaba zentuthuko engokomoya—okholwayo noma ukunyakaza okuyimfihlakalo kusuka ekuboneni okuvamile kuya ebunyeni noma ekukhanyiselweni.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukufundwa okungokomoya kuhlukile: ukubaleka kungaba yinkululeko yangaphakathi etholakala ngokuzijwayeza, noma kungaba ukugijimela okuyingozi, okuqhutshwa ubugovu kokuhlangenwe nakho okudlula isisekelo sokuziphatha. Umongo—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umbhalo noma umkhuba wethula ukubaleka njengokukhuphuka okunesiyalo noma ukubaleka ngokunganaki—kwakha umyalezo ongokomoya.
Uhambo Lwezinganekwane Nezinganekwane
Ukundiza kuyisisekelo sezinganekwane eziningi. Inganekwane yamaGreki kaDaedalus no-Icarus iyisibonelo esiyisisekelo: Ukundiza kuka-Icarus kumelela ukujabula kobusha kanye nemiphumela yokunganaki imingcele. Ukundiza kwezingelosi emasikweni ka-Abrahama kubonisa izindima zobungcweti kanye nezithunywa, okuphawula isidalwa njengomlamuleli phakathi kwezulu nomhlaba.
Izindaba zabantu zivame ukusebenzisa ukundiza—kwezinyoni, imimoya, noma abantu abathakathiwe—ukukhombisa ushintsho, ukubaleka, noma ukweqa imingcele. Indlela yokubaleka kulezi zindaba (indlela okufezwa ngayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusizwa umlingo noma ubuciko) ivame ukunquma ukuthi isihloko siqokomisa yini izingqikithi zokuziphatha, ezingaphezu kwemvelo noma ezingokwengqondo.
Indiza Emaphusheni
Amaphupho okundiza aphakathi kwezimpawu zamaphupho ezivame ukubikwa. Angabonakala njengajabulisayo—ehamba ekhululekile ngaphezu kwezindawo—noma njengokukhathazeka, lapho umuntu ophuphayo elwela ukuhlala phezulu noma esaba ukuwa. Izincazelo zengqondo ziphatha amaphupho okundiza njengokubonakaliswa kokuzimela, isifiso sokubaleka, amandla, noma izinkinga zokulawula.
Empeleni, abahlaziyi bamaphupho baphawula ukuthi imizwa yomphuphi kanye nekhwalithi yokundiza kuyimbangela ebalulekile ekuchazeni: ukundiza okunokuthula nokulula ngokuvamile kuhambisana nemizwa yokufaneleka kanye nenkululeko, kuyilapho ukwesaba noma ukulahlekelwa ukulawula kubonisa ukukhathazeka noma umuzwa obuthakathaka wokuzikhethela.
Izimo Ezivamile Zamaphupho Ezihilela Indiza
Izimo ezivamile zifaka: ukukhuphuka kalula (ngokuvamile okuhlotshaniswa nenkululeko noma ukujabula ngokudala); ukubhakuzisa izandla ngobunzima noma ukucindezelwa (okubonisa izithiyo emigomweni); ukuwa ngemva kokundiza (ukwesaba ukwehluleka noma imiphumela yokufinyelela ngokweqile); kanye nokungakwazi ukuhamba (imizwa yokuma).
Esinye isizathu esivamile ukundiza nabanye—lokhu kungabonisa imigomo efanayo, ukwesekwa komphakathi, noma, uma kuhlukanisiwe, imizwa yokuzihlukanisa. Amaphupho lapho ukundiza kuqondiswa khona izinto (amaphiko, imishini) avame ukukhomba ukuthembela kumathuluzi, ubudlelwano noma izinkolelo ukuze kufinyelelwe inkululeko.
Indiza Kwezobuciko Nezincwadi
Indiza ibilokhu ikhona isikhathi eside kwezobuciko kanye nezincwadi njengesenzakalo esingokoqobo kanye nesingathekiso. Inganekwane yamaGreki ka-Icarus ivela ku-Ovid's Metamorphoses futhi yaphefumulela umdwebo kaPieter Bruegel the Elder othi “Landscape with the Fall of Icarus,” lapho ukuwa kuka-Icarus kuphambene kakhulu nokuphila okuvamile ngaphambili. Indaba isebenza njengesixwayiso mayelana nokwesaba kanye nombono.
Ezincwadini, uPeter Pan kaJM Barrie usebenzisa ukundiza ukuze abonise ubusha baphakade kanye nenkululeko yokucabanga. Inoveli kaRichard Bach ethi “Jonathan Livingston Seagull” yenza ngokusobala ukundiza kube yindlela engokomoya neyokuziphatha: ikhono le-seagull lokundiza liba yisibonelo sokuphelela kanye nobuntu. Inkondlo kaPercy Bysshe Shelley ethi “To a Skylark” iphatha ukundiza kwe-skylark njengophawu lokuphefumulelwa yizinkondlo kanye nokudlula.
Izibonelo zamafilimu zifaka phakathi i-“Wings of Desire” kaWim Wenders, lapho ukundiza kwezingelosi kuhlanganisa khona izingqikithi zozwela kanye nokulangazelela komuntu, kanye namafilimu amaningi asebenzisa ukulandelana kwezindiza ukukhombisa inkululeko, ingozi noma ubuciko. Abaculi ababonakalayo banamuhla basebenzisa nemibono yezindiza kanye nemidwebo yezinyoni ukuhlola ubukhulu, ukuzihlukanisa kanye nezindikimba zemvelo.
Incazelo ye-Flight Tattoo
Ama-tattoo abhekisela ekundizeni—amaphiko, izinyoni ezihambayo, izindiza—avame ukuveza izihloko zomuntu siqu zenkululeko, ukusinda, isifiso esingokomoya noma inkumbulo yokuhamba. Iphiko elilodwa lingafanekisela isivikelo noma umlingani olahlekile, kuyilapho umhlambi wezinyoni ubonisa umphakathi, ukufuduka, noma ukuqina kweqembu. Ama-tattoo ezindiza avame ukuphawula ukulangazelela ukuzulazula noma uhambo olubalulekile.
Ukukhetha ukwakheka—okungokoqobo noma okunesitayela, okuncane noma okubanzi—kushintsha umehluko. Kwabaningi abantu i-tattoo enesihloko sokundiza iyisitatimende sabo siqu mayelana noshintsho: ukushiya isikhathi esinzima, ukuhlonipha ukuzimela, noma ukukhumbula ushintsho empilweni.
Izincazelo Zezinhlobo Ezihlukene, Imibala, Noma Ukuhlukahluka Kwendiza
Ama-ejenti okundiza ahlukene kanye neziqondiso zishintsha uphawu. Ukundiza kwezinyoni kugcizelela inkululeko yemvelo kanye nemvelo; izibalo zabantu eziyizingelosi noma ezinamaphiko zibeka phambili indima engcwele noma yokuxhumana; ukundiza ngomshini (izindiza, amarokhethi) kugqamisa ubuhlakani bomuntu noma izifiso zesizwe. Ukundiza okuphezulu kusho ukukhula; ukuzulazula kusho ukuma noma ukuzindla; ukuwa kwembula ukwehluleka noma ukulahlekelwa.
Umbala nawo ungaba nomthelela. Isibhakabhaka esikhanyayo nesifudumele kanye nokukhanya okusagolide ngokuvamile kufundwa njengokuthembisayo noma okungaphezu kwamandla; isimo sezulu esimnyama nesivunguvungu sithambekele engozini, ukungabikezeleki noma ukwesaba. Inyoni eyodwa esibhakabhakeni esikhulu igcizelela ukuzihlukanisa noma ukungafani, kuyilapho imihlambi isho ukufuduka, ukuphepha ngamanani, noma ukunyakaza komphakathi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nendiza
Q: Ingabe ukubaleka kusho inkululeko njalo?
A: Akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Nakuba ukubaleka kuvame ukumelela inkululeko, umongo ubalulekile—ukubaleka kungasho futhi ukubaleka, ukugwema noma isifiso sokuzidela.
Q: Ingabe amaphupho okundiza ahlala ehle?
A: Cha. Ithoni yemizwa kanye nokulawula okutholakala ephusheni kunquma ukuthi iphupho lifundeka njengokunika amandla noma ukukhathazeka.
U: Uhlobo lwendiza lushintsha kanjani incazelo?
A: Yebo. Izinyoni zigcizelela inkululeko yemvelo, abantu abanamaphiko basikisela izingqikithi ezingokomoya, kanti imishini ikhomba ubuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko yomphakathi; ngayinye ihlela umyalezo ongokomfanekiso ngendlela ehlukile.
Izimpawu Ezihlobene
Izimpawu ezihlobene kakhulu nokundiza zifaka amaphiko, izinyoni (izinhlobo ezithile njengezinkozi noma amajuba), isibhakabhaka, umoya, amaladi noma izitebhisi (ukunyakaza okuqondile), kanye nelanga (njengendawo noma ingozi kwezinye izinganekwane). Lezi zithombe ezihlobene zivame ukuvela ndawonye futhi zicwengisise incazelo iyonke yokundiza kumongo othile.
